1984 By George Orwell Essays (646 words) - Fiction,

1984 By George Orwell "Nineteen Eighty Four" ? Fictional World In English this semester we have studied three different texts. All three texts were based on original, fictional worlds. The fictional world which stood out above the rest and really amazed me would have to be ?Nineteen Eighty-Four'. ?Nineteen Eighty-Four' was the most realistic out of the three. While reading the novel you really get into the fictional world and think like the main character Winston Smith. Three aspects of the text which made this world so interesting to study were The Inner Party, Big Brother, and the Thought Police. Each of these interesting aspects in Nineteen Eighty Four play a great part in the novel itself and the way the fictional world works. The Inner Party played a huge role in creating the fascinating world in ?Nineteen Eighty Four'. The Inner Party was in charge of Airstrip1 and wanted to be superior over everyone. They wanted the party to be the people's first loyalty over anything else. They didn't allow marriage or even sex for this was an act of loyalty between two people and not to the party. An example of this is when Winston and Julia were caught having a sexual relationship and were taken away by the Thought Police. They were then made to betray eachother, love the Party, and to believe what ever the party said was true. The Party had control over everything even peoples minds. This was proved when O ? Brien held up four fingers and said to Winston "how many fingers am I holding up?" Winston replied "Five". Big Brother also played a big role in creating the world which ?Nineteen Eighty-Four' was based in. Big Brother is a figure, which the Party has created to frighten people and give them more power. The Party can do anything they like and when someone questions them they can just say there under orders from Big Brother. Big Brother is everywhere in every house (except proles), every street, wall, and he is always shouting out "BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU" the text which backs this up is when Winston describes that ?On each landing, opposite the lift shaft the poster with enormous face gazed from the wall. It was one of those pictures, which are so conceived that the eyes follow you about when you move'. Big Brother is so important to the world in the novel because the figure stops thought crime, gives the people someone to look up to and someone to love, lets the Party tell the people anything they want and the people will believe it, such as propaganda. An example is when the party say ?Oceania is at war with Eurasia, Oceania has always been at war with Eurasia'. The people automatically believe this. Newspeak is the official language of Oceania. It is supposed to take over common English in the year 2050. Newspeak is another important aspect in the creation of Oceania because it prevents Thought Crime. The purpose of Newspeak is to cancel out words such as ?rebel' so that people won't know the word and therefore if they feel like rebelling against the party they won't know how to express their feelings. The compiler of the Newspeak dictionary Syme says "Don't you see that the whole aim of newspeak is to narrow the range of thoughts which in the end we shall make thought crime literally impossible". Newspeak will also cut out words that have no use such as excellent or superb which are all different meanings of the word good, or double plus good instead of having all different words meaning the same thing. Syme said to Winston"were cutting the language down to the bone". He then said, "the purpose of the Newspeak Dictionary is to reduce the vocabulary so that even the concept of rebellion fades away" The Inner Party, Big Brother, and Newspeak are all-important aspects of the fictional world in ?Nineteen Eighty-Four' each one of these aspects play an important part in the development of the fascinating world which the author George Orwell has created.

The Negative Effects of Software Copyrights Essay Example

The Negative Effects of Software Copyrights Paper Digital information technology has contributed to the development of information and technology by enabling easier modification and copying of information. While computers have the ability to achieve this for the well-being of mankind, the system of copyright serves as a hurdle in this as it assigns owners to software programs, most of whom are reluctant to share the potential benefits of their software with others (Stallman, 2009). â€Å"To use free software is to make a political and ethical choice asserting the right to learn, and share what we learn with others† (Free Software Foundation, 2014). Copyright protection only enables the developer of software to deter the software’s copying or copying of the source code. Software copyright does not provide protection against the copying of any process, method of operation, procedure, system, principle, discovery, or concept in the software. In addition to that, software copyright does not provide any surety against independent development of software of the like. A vast majority of the software products cannot address the variety of requirements set forth to get broad protection that the patent law can afford. Most applications of software patent face problems because of the requirement for the invention to be not obvious and be new. Nevertheless, this requirement helps in the process analyzing if or not an individual should pursue copyright protection or patent. â€Å"because copyrights protect the implementation (the actual code) but not the concept, copyrights do not prevent someone from implementing an algorithm in a different programming language or with a different set of routines, for example, offering almost no protection for something as complex and flexible as software† (Zeidman, 2011, p. 93). We will write a custom essay sample on The Negative Effects of Software Copyrights specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Negative Effects of Software Copyrights specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Negative Effects of Software Copyrights specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The look and feel of software amount to behavior and thus copyright should not be used to protect them in software; the Computer Law Review Committee (CLRC) did not recommend addition

The Afrikaans Medium Decree

The Afrikaans Medium Decree The South African Minister of Bantu Education and Development, MC Botha, issued a decree in 1974 that made the use of Afrikaans as a medium of instruction in black schools compulsory from Standard 5 onwards [from the last year of primary school to the last year of high school]. The African Teachers Association (ATASA) launched a campaign against the policy, but the authorities implemented it anyway. Northern Transvaal RegionRegional Circular Bantu EducationNorthern Transvaal (No. 4)File 6.8.3. of 17.10.1974To: Circuit InspectorsPrincipals of Schools: With Std V classes and Secondary SchoolsMedium of Instruction Std V - Form V1. It has been decided that for the sake of uniformity English and Afrikaans will be used as media of instruction in our schools on a 50-50 basis as follows:2. Std V, Form I and II2.1. English medium: General Science, Practical Subjects (Homecraft-Needlework-Wood- and Metalwork-Art-Agricultural Science)2.2 Afrikaans medium: Mathematics, Arithmatic, Social Studies2.3 Mother Tongue: Religion Instruction, Music, Physical CultureThe prescribed medium for these subject must be used as from January 1975.In 1976 the secondary schools will continue using the same medium for these subjects.3. Forms III, IV and VAll schools which have not as yet done so should introduce the 50-50 basis as from the beginning of 1975. The same medium must be used for the subjects relate d to those mentioned in paragraph 2 and for their alternatives. ...Your co-operation in this matter will be appreciated.(Sgd.) J.G. ErasmusRegional Director of Bantu EducationN. Transvaal Region ... The Deputy Minister of Bantu Education, Punt Janson, said: No, I have not consulted the African people on the language issue and Im not going to. An African might find that the big boss only spoke Afrikaans or only spoke English. It would be to his advantage to know both languages. Another official was quoted as saying: If students are not happy, they should stay away from school since attendance is not compulsory for Africans. The Department of Bantu Education said that because the government paid for black education, it had the right to decide on the language of instruction. In fact, only white education was totally subsidized by the government. Black parents in Soweto paid R102 (an average months wages) a year to send two children to school, had to buy textbooks (which were issued free in white schools), and had to contribute towards the cost of building schools.

How to use LinkedIn to get a job

How to use LinkedIn to get a job LinkedIn has positioned itself as end end-all social media portal for your career. It has professional development resources, helpful articles, and- most importantly- the connections and job postings to put you in your next job. But if you’re looking to use it for a very specific purpose, finding your next job, then it can be a little overwhelming. Let’s walk through some of the strategies you need to cut through the noise and use LinkedIn to score your next gig.Understand what LinkedIn does (and doesn’t do)Not all social media is the same, which means it shouldn’t occupy the same space in your job search. Twitter and Facebook are great for content sharing (also funny pet videos), but not necessarily great for the level of nitty-gritty info you want and need to bump up your job hunt. Studies have found that about 75% of LinkedIn users are there primarily for research- about companies, about people, about job openings. If you want to know what a companyâ₠¬â„¢s overall brand looks like, Twitter, Instagram, or Facebook is fine. If you want to get real information about the company that you can use to find your next job, think of LinkedIn as your research assistant. You can use it to get targeted information to take with you into informational meetings you set up with new (or existing) connections, or come up with detailed, insightful questions to ask in an interview.Keep your content currentThis may seem like a no-brainer, but you’d be amazed how many people update their LinkedIn profiles once in a while and let them just languish. It happens to all of us. Make sure your LinkedIn profile is completely up-to-date, and that you’re refining it often. Think of this as your living resume.Check your settingsLinkedIn’s â€Å"Open Candidate† settings (found in our account preferences) let you signal to recruiters and companies that you’re open to new opportunities- even if you’re looking on the DL. If you have this setting enabled, you can specify what types of recruitment you’re open to receiving without having to put â€Å"hey, I’m looking for a new job!† on your public profile.Make your profile stand outYour headline is going to be the first thing people see when they click through to your profile. Make sure it’s a strong one that simply, concisely explains your brand: â€Å"Customer support specialist, fixing the world one solved problem at a time† is a good example. It shows off your job title, some key words, and a bit of flair to grab the reader’s interest. Having a flattering, clear profile picture is helpful as well. But remember- always use a work-appropriate headshot.Avoid looking like a seekerSounds counterintuitive, right? You are using the site to seek a new job. But if you use words like â€Å"job seeker† or â€Å"looking for† in your profile, it can come off as a little needy or desperate. Instead of broadca sting what you want, broadcast who you are and your professional brand.Target specific companiesJust about every company these days has a presence on LinkedIn. Start following the company- its content, news about them, any information you can find on the site. That way, when opportunities do open up you’ll likely already be in the loop, and able to jump on it right away.Leverage your connectionsOne of LinkedIn’s strongest points is how it brings the word-of-mouth network into the digital realm. It also lets you see who your connections are connected to, several degrees down the line. Use this data to help visualize how your network connects to someone at the company where you want to work, or someone who can get you an introduction.Don’t be afraid to reach outYour LinkedIn experience can be very passive (people come to me) or very active (I reach out to people who can help me achieve my next career goal). Take advantage of the best thing about LinkedIn- the real -time connections to people all over the world. You have nothing to lose by dropping a note in the inbox of someone you’d like to â€Å"meet† to discuss your industry, their company, etc.LinkedIn can be a great asset to your job hunt when you give it your care and attention. When you put the time in to refine your profile and start engaging with others on the site, it can yield career-changing results.

How to start a new business in engineering field Essay

How to start a new business in engineering field - Essay Example Proper cost effective and suitable policies should be applied by any organization to expand it and make it profitable and successful. Success of any business is dependent on the management policies applied by the organization that is operating that specific business. If the policies are only person oriented or productions oriented, then the objectives can not be achieved successfully but if both of the entities are taken into consideration while making policies, then the objectives are achieved efficiently and the business becomes profitable. A business is said to be profitable and successful when it provides profit and benefits in return of the investment done by the owner of that specific business. When the tasks or objectives set by the management personals of the business are not achieved efficiently or effectively, it is said that the business is not profitable or cost-effective. These factors should be kept in mind and should be analyzed properly before starting any sort of new business because they have a major and crucial impact on the success and expansion of any specific business. Without a correct and appropriate analysis and in depth study of these factors, success of a new business can not be achieved rather it will result in loss on the investment. These were the services which our company will provide to its customers. Now, let’s get to know those key points which should be taken in proper consideration while starting any new business in the field of engineering. Now the question is of market value of our firm which means whether the area, where we are going to start our firm, is suitable or not. We should have information of all other companies or construction firms working already in that area where we are going to start our firm. In this case we will be able to analyze our competitors who are already in that specific engineering business. We should analyze the strengths and weaknesses of our competing construction firms

Eloquence of Landscapes in the Western Film Genre Movie Review

Eloquence of Landscapes in the Western Film Genre - Movie Review Example In both films the landscape effectively highlights salient features of the storyline and characterizes its inhabitants in a way similar to the Westerns reviewed in Jane Tompkin's insightful West of Everything (70-87). Winton C. Hoch photographed The Searchers in VistaVision,1 cinematography in Technicolor with wide-angle perspective, on-location in Monument Valley. According to the Special Features section of the DVD edition, beyond the colorful sandstone spires and buttes reminiscent of its ancient inhabitants, the cameras caught on film a living, breathing recent element of the desert landscape in some of the 500 destitute Navajo families employed as actors on the set (Ford). Loyal Griggs actually won an Academy Award for his second director-of-photography effort in Shane. Ultimately all Griggs had to do was to position his camera with some aplomb and let the Grand Tetons of Wyoming speak with quiet eloquence (Purdy). Filmed in Technicolor in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, and shown on an expanded screen that served to emphasize the vastness and beauty of the fertile surroundings, the film creates a living picture of the boundless promise of the American frontier, "forever framing the action in relation to the unspoiled land surrounding it." (Crowther) In her evaluation of the Western film Tompkins compares the sanctuary of the homestead or the pioneer cabin with the rugged challenges of the desert landscape (87). The Searchers opens from the safety of one family's haven into the vast reaches of the unfolding story as a lone figure on horseback rides slowly into view out of the barren wilderness. The breadth and length of the landscape scenes create a sense of authenticity for the much-abridged time and distances of the unfolding action in the narrative. The Searchers will come full circle to an identical doorway as members of a reunited family press past the threshold into their home totally oblivious to the hero as the door closes on the lonely drifter striding quietly back into the dusty landscape (Ford). On the other hand, the point of view in Shane is chiefly through the eyes of young Joey as the child vigilantly watches the distant stretches of Wyoming prairie where sundry strangers make their debut in the story from the outlying horizon. The viewpoint on the closing action will belong to Joey as well when the landscape, veiled in darkness, echoes with the child's heartbreaking appeals for his friend to return, and the wounded Shane slips quietly out of his life into the shadowy oblivion of the Wyoming hills (Stevens). Tompkins suggests that the genius of the Western is to have the terrain speak for itself (71). The physical settings in each film visually develop unique aspects of the narrative in much the same way as background music creates an ambience that heightens the emotion and suspense of the drama. In The Searchers the harsh nature of the character's surroundings accentuates its isolating and dangerous nature for the extended pioneer family (O'Brien). In striking contrast to the welcoming and simple world filmed inside the log cabin, where Ethan Edwards yearns to fit in, is the Civil War veteran's native element in the brutal and unforgiving environment which at last lures him away yet again into its untamed independence (O'Brien). The Shane exploits are mostly reflected through the eyes

War Dances Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

War Dances Response - Essay Example The diverse nature of human poses several challenges in the relationships present in the human society. The ability to contain these challenges however leads to development of beneficial relationships and overall harmonious co-existence of the society. In his book â€Å"war dances† Sherman Alexie explores a wide range of social issues and in so doing he demonstrates several relationships between various characters in his stories and poems. The characters in the stories and poems illustrate the reality present in the current day society, and gives particular focus to individuals and relationships characterized by hazardous sets of events and at times leading to some irreversible consequences. Many of the relationships explored involve male characters, and mainly involve fathers and sons in a native Indian cultural background. A typical example is the relationship between the senator son with his best friend Jeremy, in which the senator son is driven in psychological confusion a nd great anger by the experience of learning that his best friend is a gay (Alexie 75). He cannot conceive the fact that his best friend is a gay and as a result, he disowns him. This relationship further echoes the diverse nature of humankind, in terms of thinking, actions and perspective, and further illustrates the fact that our very social interaction should not be limited by our diverse nature. ... General relationship between an individual and his immediate society emphasized, how one is perceived by his society is of critical importance. The episode illustrates the caring nature of the senator son; he was deeply touched and angered by the experience of learning that his best friend was a gay. The conservative or secretive nature of Jeremy the senator son best friend is also evident as he managed to conceal his true identity from his best friend despite the fact that they were very close friends. The â€Å"ghost dance† illustrates the strength of bonds that binds relationships in the native Indian society, which is characterized by a set of customs and practices such as cultural dances to cement its solidarity and togetherness. The dance serves as an identity of the common challenges encountered by this group of native Indians, and according to them, dancing this well was supposed to lead or deliver the community into freedom. The bonds in this society are not even limi ted by academic achievements as illustrated by the professor who despite his academic achievements is said to remain loyal or an addict to the indigenous ways of native Indians life. A contrast between the old who always stick to their traditions despite their big achievements and the modern youths is depicted from this episode. There is also the illustration of a father-son relationship characterized by affection and disappointment that depicts a farther who is an alcoholic despite the fact that he is diabetic. The son’s deep affection for his father makes him disappointed by his father’s behavior, and a sense of irresponsibility and lack of mentorship by parents to their children is

The Rise of Sikhism in India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Rise of Sikhism in India - Essay Example The foundation of the Sikh religion was based on the existence of the ten gurus, starting with the pioneer guru who was the founder and the overall seer of the religion. Guru Nanak was born in the mid-15th century in a village close to the present day Pakistan in a predominantly Hindu family. His fascination with religion and the development of a spiritual personality pushed him out of his ancestral village to the areas of Punjab where he established his family. Though established by an individual from with a Hindu religion roots, Sikhism lacked any connection with the Hindu religion and culture and was developed solely by guru Nanak and led by other ten gurus after the death of the founder2. During the founding years of the religion, Nanak used the message of collectivism and unity to bring his believers together and strengthen his religion by attracting more followers. ‘Ek Ong kar’, we are one and we were all created by one merciful creator’ was one of the common messages that the founder used to attract his followers and ensure the development of unity of purpose among the people3. The followers of the religion were known as the Sikhs and were strictly taught to worship none other than God the almighty who is the creator of heaven and earth. They would also bow to the Gurus because they were believed to have direct contact with God and to also live in the light if His ways. As a result, the gurus were believed to have the power to lead the people from the dark ways into the ways of the God. The establishment of the Sikh religion as it is known today did not occur without enduring suffering, threats, intimidation and execution of the followers. It is believed that the initial founders of the cult and some gurus were executed in an attempt to curtail the spread of the cult to other parts of India, a move that was viewed to threaten the dominance of the Hindu religion. However, the British colonial rule in India revered the

Personal journal entry 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal journal entry 5 - Essay Example Feminist theory argues that legal positivism is the main reason women have been dominated by men in the past. The theory argues that the law has been written historically baymen to favor the position of men over women. ïÆ'Ëœ Women should be given genuine equality with men in all areas of life as opposed to the current provisions by the law. This is in direct opposition to legal positivism. A good example is the 19th amendment to the USA constitution which gives equal rights to voting for both women and men3. The feminist theory fights for the recognition of the differences between the two sexes as opposed to the sameness that are advocated by the legal positivism. The feminist theory argues that, it is until the law acknowledges the differences between men and women, that it can bring equality between them4. In conclusion, presently, the position of women is much better than it was five decades ago. The effort of the feminist movements has ensured that women achieved considerable progress in the campaign. The position of women in today’s society can be attributed to a large percentage, to the changes in the legislation that have happened over the

Strategic Supply Chain Managemnt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Strategic Supply Chain Managemnt - Essay Example As any student of management accounting is aware of, the quantum of capital employed in plant and machinery is more or less uniform across an industry as all players generally opt for the latest technology so as to enjoy maximum levels of operating efficiency. So, there is not much to differentiate between the competitors in that regard. But the area where the leaders leave the stragglers behind is supply chain management and inventory control. If a proper and taut control over inventory is not maintained, the level of capital employed can never be brought down while keeping the operational efficiency intact. (Cox, Sanderson and Watson 2001) These days the management gurus are looking beyond the narrow and immediate confines of inventory management and are looking at managing the supply chain as a whole. Supply chain attempts to view the whole production process as a seamless entity that begins with market research for correctly evaluating consumer demand and follows the flow of inputs and services through the production process right till the time when the finished product reaches the final consumer. Thus this is a wider concept that includes all the stakeholders; right from the supplier that supplies raw materials to the final consumer that buys the product to satisfy a particular need. In between of course lie the producer, the labour and the service inputs from the tertiary sector of the economy. A supply chain in its most basic form has four components, and they are: Supply chain management, as is clear from the above diagram, is basically akin to running a relay race and just as in a relay race the entire team is as good as its weakest link, so also in supply chain management the entire operation is as efficient as its least efficient sections. That is to say, a super efficient manufacturer is not enough to make the entire supply chain effective – all the components must be

Challenges for E-Learners

Challenges for E-Learners Distance learning, sometimes called e-learning is here defined as interactive learning in which the learning content is available online and provides automatic feedback to the students learning activities. Online communication with real people may or may not be included, but the focus of e- learning is usually more on the learning content than on communication between learners and tutors. Distance learning and its relationship to emerging computer technologies have together offered many promises to the field of education. In practice however, the combination often falls short of what it attempts to accomplish. Some of the shortcomings are due to problems with the technology; others have more to do with administration, instructional methods, or students. Despite the problems, many users like technologies such as compressed video and see continued growth in the area. However, distance learning is no such advantage is that it is easy, a person can study without attending classes or lectures, while working or doing some other course. It is also a good alternative for housewives who are not able to enroll into courses because they have to take care of young children, just deal with computers and have their own time to learn and also can communicate with tutors and peers via online such as email, forum and chat. . In distance education courses, you would be provided with study material and also would have to submit assignments on time. These assignments would be assessed by professors who would send you feedback. However, if you are planning to enroll into distance learning, you need to to know about some of the distance learning pros and cons. Like every good thing, even distance learning has some disadvantages that can make it seem a little inconvenient for people. The problem may be due to factors balance between personal and learning problems. If students cannot adapt to the system of distance learning, they will face a different problem. In addition, lack of knowledge and skills about using technology and computers, language skills, especially English language, disorganized way of learning to mix work problems, family and study time. These are some of the distance learning advantages and disadvantages. Before making a decision, it is important to weigh the distance learning pros and cons. Though distance learning can be termed as a useful and convenient way to gain knowledge and to higher ones qualification, whether it would benefit you would entirely depend upon your personality and attitude. Here we will discuss in more detail about the problems faced by online learners and solutions or suggestions can be followed so that any problems that arise can be resolved satisfactorily. So it is important to identify the problem faced by online learners because without this knowledge, maybe the learners will lose their focus and motivation THREE MAIN PROBLEMS FACED BY BEGINNING ONLINE LEARNERS Despite the promises and obvious advantages to distance learning, there are problems that need to be resolved. These problems include balancing the combination of work, family and education, study habits and lack of skills in technology. Each one of these has an effect on the overall quality of distance learning as a product. In many ways, each of these issues relates to the others. This is one of the major problem which will make them think twice before decide to advance their study. The first problem faced by online distance learners is in balancing the combination of work and education. Most of the open and distance learner usually have many commitments and responsibilities that they must attend while doing their educational goals. Many of them are married, work full time and of course have children. If not carried out, all of this can cause the student drop out from their learning. Job responsibility is already intimidating, let alone the family and the learning, so adult learners have limited time to do their study. The task of balancing all of the above responsibility is truly challenging for most of them. The second issue is in acquiring go online distance study habits. The students everyday environment is very distracting for most of the students. Unlike traditional university students who are always in their learning community which supports them most of the time, online distance students are not. Distractions such as friends asking for night supper and wife demanding to go shopping at the mall every weekend are among other distractions faced by students. Acquiring some time in a day to study is quite a hard task to complete. Online distance learners also have a hard time in being independent and responsible to their own self. Most of the time, there is no one around to monitor the students learning process. The openness of the online distance program gives students the freedom to do their learning process whenever they like but most of the time, procrastination is the culprit. Unfocused view of their learning goals also will make the students act irresponsibly towards their learnin g. The third issue is online distance learners also face problems in recognizing and mastering strengths and skills in Information Technology (IT). In online distance learning, technology is the main conduit which information and communication flow. A computer with internet access is usually needed for this process and its application will need the user to master certain level of acquirement. Some of these problems arise from a lack of training, some from the instructors attitudes about using the technology, and still others by hardware problems. It seems to be self evident that instructors need to be trained to use distance learning technology, but too often they are not. The student will also need to have some basic writing skills and go online distance command of English language. Unfortunately, not all of the students possess the above skills. THREE LOGICAL AND PRACTICAL SUGGESTION ON WAY TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE THE PROBLEMS FACED BY BEGINNING ONLINE LEARNERS Adults students mostly do not have the luxury of attending college on a full time basis because of their work and family obligations. They often experience problems which, if not overcome, can result in the derailing of their educational goals. There are things that they can do though to help overcome the typical problems that arise. The first solution is learners must manage and plan themselves effectively in order to balancing work, family and study. They have to apply smart time management. Avoiding procrastinating a must. They must be more responsible and have a focused view towards learning. They must also learn to improve themselves in areas they are lacking ( such as writing skills, computer skills, note taking skills and English language skills) because not all skills will be taught by the tutor. They need to motivate their own self by setting achievable goals and have a positive attitude. The second solutions are start with less demanding course. There tends to be some challenging courses that must be completed by students, there is rarely a requirement that these should be the first ones studied. Therefore, start with less challenging ones that you find more enjoyable initially so as to build confidence. This assists in getting used to the college atmosphere and the demands of course work again. Furthermore, every student make a study calender to detailing examination dates and assignment due dates on a dedicated calender helps to avoid the rushing of assignments at the last minutes or exam cram sessions. Proper preparation leads to good grades, while inadequate planning results in failure. The third solutions are make sure that internet access is readily available. Study today is dependent on the internet, forum, e-mail and etc as intermediate communication. The ability to access library databases and complete research online is the basis of succeeding. Also, electronic access eliminates the requirement of spending many hours working on campus, you can study from home instead. The practical suggestion on way to reduce problem faced by online learners are problem solving skills. It gives the opportunity to develop other useful learning skills such as like practice specific procedures and put theoretical use when develop reasoning abilities and creativity in finding answers. Other method also like develop learners understanding of underlying principles and make research topic in detail. Resolving a study problem may go through the following stages as like review of information. Define problem, relate available information to the problem with design a work plan and methodology and monitor outcomes. Encourage them to make a strategy for developing their problem solving skills, which could include reviewing their own effectiveness in this area, identifying the main steps of the problem solving process, identifying the criteria against which to judge the standard or quality of outcomes, looking at the problem in different ways, simplifying it, making comparisons with researching information and consulting people to establish critical thinking, choosing and using methods to tackle the problem and taking into account factors that may affect problem solving plans recording information in useful way. CONCLUSION The problem faced by beginning online learners is such as like is in balancing the combination of work and education. Most of the open and distance education students are older, have jobs and families, so they are should know how to manage time properly and which one are the priority. The second issue is in acquiring go online distance study habits. The students everyday environment is very distracting for most of the students. Unlike traditional university students who are always in their learning community which supports them most of the time, online distance students are not, so they must should make a study calender so that proper preparation leads to good grades, while inadequate planning can get failure result. Online distance learners also have a hard time in being independent and responsible to their own self. All the student online learners have to solve all this problem with their own way and also have to take more responsibility on their study. The third issue is problems in recognizing and mastering strengths and skills. They must also learn to improve themselves in areas they are lacking such as writing skills, computer skills, English language skills because not all skills will be taught by tutor. So students should find their own alternatives to enhance the skills. If you know if this entire problem cannot resolve maybe something might happen in the future. For example, online learners maybe will fail with their study or get bad result and waste their money and time to study. As student online learners we should have aim for success in our study. Our goals are for every course participant to succeed, leave the course looking at the surrounding world with the perspective of a scientist, feel confident using science in his or her own learning, and know how to support inquiry-based learning in his or her own classroom. APPENDIX 1 Distance Learning With the history of distance learning encompassing so many different learning environments, we need to find a definition that fits in all situations. There have been many definitions put forward in modern literature. Greenberg (1998) defines contemporary distance learning as a planned teaching/learning experience that uses a wide spectrum of technologies to reach learners at a distance and is designed to encourage learner interaction and certification of learning. Teaster and Blieszner (1999) say the term distance learning has been applied to many instructional methods: however, its primary distinction is that the teacher and the learner are separate in space and possibly time. Desmond Keegan (1995) gives the most thorough definition. He says that distance education and training result from the technological separation of teacher and learner which frees the student from the necessity of traveling to a fixed place, at a fixed time, to meet a fixed person, in order to be trained. From these definitions we can see that the student and teacher are separated by space, but not necessarily by time. This would include compressed video, which is delivered in real time. As stated earlier, this type of live video instruction is the fastest growing means of distance learning today. Because of this, much of the discussion here will be dedicated to the promises and problems of this technology. APPENDIX 2 The Reality of Adult Learners Online I was somewhat concerned about the students and the lack of personal attention they would be receiving through my online course. Since I did not know them, I didnt know their learning styles or cultural differences. Adult learners in particular have different learning styles and cultural backgrounds, and they may feel they are being left out of learning activities (Baloglu, 2007). Thus, distance learning may cause a psychological, as well as a physical, gap (Durrington, Berryhill, Swafford, 2006). Students may feel lonely, and a lack of face-to-face communication and competition can affect their motivation. Barriers for adult learners are categorized as situational, institutional, and dispositional. A persons circumstances in life at any given time are considered potential situational barriers. Different policies and practices may make course participation more difficult are considered institutional barriers. Students attitudes about their own abilities to succeed are considered dispositional barriers. These barriers present additional obstacles for adult learners who attempt to obtain an advanced degree (Spellman, 2007). I found these adult learners, who were teachers, to be motivated and very timely in turning in their assignments and posting on Blackboard. Having them complete assignments that benefited their theses made them even more enthusiastic about completing the work. They all asked questions and sought clarification about things they didnt understand. They also did an excellent job commenting on the other students posts. By the end of the course, I could see a definite improvement in the content of their article evaluations. I think they were learning from one another. The adult learners I taught were clearly self-directed and able to be autonomous. They had life knowledge and were goal-oriented. It seems they wanted to see the relevance and application of their education, were practical, needed respect, needed feedback, and had to be interested in the subject matter (Council for Adult and Experiential Learning, 2000; Henick, 1994). The reasons adult learners obtain a post-secondary degree tend to differ from those of traditional students. Adult learners typically want to advance in an organization. An additional degree also makes them more marketable and competitive in the job market and allows them to change careers (Milheim, 2005).

The Pleasure Image Of Honolulu Tourism Essay

The Pleasure Image Of Honolulu Tourism Essay When we say Hawaii, the first things that come to our mind are nice weather, sandy beaches and relaxation. For my assignment I chose the capital and largest city of Hawaii, Honolulu. The reason of choosing this heaven on earth as the convention destination is not only because of its personality as the city of pleasure, but also because Honolulu represents an economic centre and principal port of the Hawaiian Islands where business can be conducted. Due to the fact that Hawaii ranks among the top 3 destinations for leisure travel in the US, Honolulu is a location that attracts a possible event clientele. From the pleasure side, Honolulu has an agreeable year-round climate, so planned events could be held at any given time of the year. Due to the fact that Honolulu has the lowest rate of violent crime of any US city, visitors can feel safe and secure. Besides enjoying the great climate and swimming on the magnificent beaches, the spectacular views of active volcanoes on the outlying islands also represent an attraction. The wealth of natural beauty combined with the splendid volcanoes offers a truly great choice for tourists. However, regardless of all the beauty of the volcanoes, tourists primarily are coming because of sun, sea and beaches. Several beaches are covered with black and green sand, which leaves no one indifferent. Their banks are covered with finest black and green stones, which are incurred by volcanic activity. The color of the beach combined with the beautiful blue oceans is unforgettable. Honolulu is a popular tourist destination and Surfers Paradise. The most famous and popular local beach is Waikiki Beach. Waikiki Beach has numerous hotels. Above the town rises the volcanic crater Diamond Head. From the top of the volcano is a beautiful view of Honolulu and surrounding areas. A further tourist attraction is the famous military base of Pearl Harbor. Additionally, in the surrounding areas are bamboo forests. Additional places of interest are: Aloha Tower, is described as the beautiful 10-story Aloha Tower, one of Hawaiis best-known landmarks. It is built in 1926 when all travels were done by boat. The tower was created in order to make an impression for tourists during entering and leaving the harbour. Kapiolani is Honolulus largest park, which contains a zoo, an aquarium, and the well -known Waikiki Shell structure. The Honolulu Botanical Gardens which contains four gardens in and around the city. The Arizona Memorial, for the 1,100 who died during the bombing of Pearl Harbor. The University of Hawaii The Bishop Museum, well-known for its studies of Polynesia. The Honolulu Academy of Arts, known for its Asian and Hawaiian collections. Kawaiahao Church (1841), where funerals for Hawaiian monarchs and nobility were held. Iolani Palace, the previous home of Hawaiis kings, which represents the only royal palace in the United States. The factors that affected the citys growth as the business centre of Hawaii are: geo-political position of Honolulu; tourism development; diversification of industry; development of harbour facilities; the achievement of an international airport; constructions of luxury hotels; natural habitats of endemic species; ores; forests and volcanoes. Because of all this, Honolulu attracts a large number of tourists yearly. The Hawaiians make several hundred billion dollars annually selling sea, sun, palm trees and its superior climate. THE BUSINESS IMAGE OF HONOLULU From the business point of view, Honolulu has the remarkable 1.1 million-square-foot Hawaiian Convention Centre. Moreover my research indicates that Honolulu has hosted conferences and events for many well-known corporations, including: The National Psychological Association National Medical Association Hawaiian State Department of Health As a result of developed tourism, the population is focused on tourism and hospitality. During the past 100 years and due to its many advantages, the island attracted investors from the United States to invest considerable sums of money in its development. Honolulus current industry foundations include tourism, followed by: federal defence expenditures; agricultural exports (chiefly pineapples); telecommunications and mining. Moreover, worthwhile mentioning industries of Honolulu are: jewellery; printing and publishing; clothing; food and beverages; rubber products; construction materials and electronics and computer equipment. Additionally, Honolulu represents the regional headquarters for many well-known companies such as: Hawaiian Airlines; Bank of Hawaii; Oahu Transit Services, Inc. and Kaiser Permanente Medical Group. In addition, this city has several colleges and universities, including the University of Hawaii-Manoa, Hawaii Pacific University and Chaminade University of Honolulu. MEETING SERVICE PROVIDERS Based on my research extra meeting service providers in Honolulu are: The Catering Connection Unlimited Inc. represents the Award Winning Catering Connection Unlimited. It offers detailed execution, superior quality, creative culinary creations and complete beverage services. Creations in Catering represent Food Services famous for creating and producing successful on-premise and off-premise catered functions and special events. Creations in Catering is Known in the industry for producing award-winning presentations, Creations in Catering has gained recognition on the international, national and local levels for its expertise and creativity. Production Hawaii is Event Rental Dà ©cor service which offers event equipment such as Clear-span structures, Canopy tents, Stages, Portable floors, Carpeting, Dance floors, Tables, Chairs, Bleachers, Air conditioners, and Pipe Drape Trade Show Booths. Anthony Calleja Photography is Production Design Service by a professional photographer and artist whose specialities include Commercial, Corporate, Events, Banquet Dinners, Conventions, Product, and Stage Performances. CONVENTION AND VISITOR BUREAUS SERVICES Convention and visitor bureaus are organizations which offer to the meeting planners access to a variety of services, packages and value-added extras through meeting preparation, planning and applying. The main functions of CVBs are locating meeting places, checking hotel availabilities, arranging events. The advantages that CVB facilities offer to meeting planers are: Access to a range of services and value-added extras through a bureau. Help for developing the convention schedule through the creation of pre and post-conference activities, spouse tours, and hosting of special events. Direction for products and services that will work best to accommodate clients needs and budgets. Mediatising and matching meeting needs to the products, services, and speakers available in a community. Connecting planners with the suppliers, from motorcoach companies and caterers to off-site entertainment venues. Offering information about services and facilities in the destination. Informing about local events with which your meeting may beneficially coincide (like festivals or sporting events). Providing hotel room count and meeting space statistics, keeping a convention/meetings/events calendar in order to help planners avoid conflicts and/or space shortages. Matching properties to specific meeting requirements and budgets. Work with city government to get special permits and to cut through formalities. Some of the specific services that can be offered to the meeting planners are as well: collateral material ; help with on-site logistics, including registration ; housing bureaus ; supplementary services, for example production companies, catering, transportation ; speakers and local educational opportunities ; security ; coordination of local transportation and access to special venues. Hawaii Visitors And Convention Bureau http://custom.cvent.com/33CBACD109164CAB81B5F1D8FEA72786/pix/RFP/CF55FB69F5CF4D158028D9B5B66451AA/8e9114ca3d454f94aad464c7693ef81b.jpg 2270 Kalakaua Avenue Suite 801 Honolulu HI 96815 Listing/VenueOverview.aspx?ofrgstub=cf55fb69-f5cf-4d15-8028-d9b5b66451aapnum=1so=1returl=%2fRFP%2fVenues.aspx%3fma%3d47%26vtt%3d1%26wt.mc_id%3dDG_Right_Nav%26vt%3d32ckm=L1JGUC9WZW51ZXMuYXNweD9tYT00NyZ2dHQ9MSZ3dC5tY19pZD1ER19SaWdodF9OYXYmdnQ9MzI= 21.275800 -157.823400 3 CVB According to the Hawaiian Visitors and Convention Bureau description, Hawaii is world renowned destination of breathtaking natural beauty. Despite the image of a dream destination, Honolulu is a centre of international commerce and business meetings. AVAILABLE HOTELS AND CONFERENCE CENTRES FOR SPECIAL EVENTS My research points towards available hotels and conference centres as follows: The Hawaiian Imin International Conference Centre is designed for an international audience, offering outstanding resources to produce successful events of all kinds. The Hawaiian Convention Centre is easily located closest to the hotel-plentiful Waikiki Beach, which offers more than 30,000 hotel rooms. The centre is located 7.5 miles of The Honolulu International Airport .The Hawaii Convention Centre gives to the guests opportunity to take pleasure in Hawaii from inside. As it described more than 60 percent of the centre is landscaped with palm trees and green tropical plants. The Centre includes tropical garden and waterfall. Worthwhile mentioning is the fact that the centre was voted the most beautiful convention centre in the world by the International Association of Exhibition Management and is the winner of nine consecutive Prime Site Awards. The convention center has nearly 150,000 square feet of meeting space, cutting-edge technology and delicious Hawaiian cuisine. Hyatt Regency Waikiki Beach Resort and Spa according to the description represents an ideal place for planning an event by reason of premier meeting rooms set in the heart of a tropical island getaway. The hotel as it is described features 19,500 square feet of function space, 2,050 square feet of pre function space, and 9,800 square feet of exhibit space. Moana Surfrider, A Westin Resort Waikiki Beach is located in the heart of Waikiki, with short walking distance from shopping, dining, and attractions. It includes more than 12,000 square feet of gathering space provides the perfect setting for parties, weddings, or business functions. As it described, there are eight meeting rooms ranging from the intimate 780-square-foot Board Room to our 4,340-square-foot Ballroom, which can host a reception for up to 300 guests. Outdoor spaces include the simply outstanding Diamond Head Lawn Terrace with breathtaking views of Diamond Head and the Pacific Ocean. The beautiful Roof Garden and Roof Garden Lanais are ideal for small to mid-size meetings and receptions for up to 50, and our private beach perfect for a sunset wedding for up to 150 guests. Best Western The Plaza Hotel is located just half mile from Honolulu International Airport and Honolulu Military Bases.The hotel is nestled between downtown Honolulu, Waikiki and the military bases, close to some of Honolulus major business districts. The hotel has four different size banquet facilities, enabling to accommodate from 10 to 200 guests. Hawaii Prince Hotel Waikiki Hawaii offers excellent facilities and services as well as the perfect location for events. The Hilton Waikiki Prince Kuhio hotel is located in the heart of Waikiki, closed to the famous Waikiki Beach. Apart the good location, the hotel has flexible meeting facilities of 17,000 sq ft. The Doubletree Alana Hotel Waikiki is located at the entrance to Waikiki in Hawaii. As it described, hotel is four miles from downtown Honolulu, and short walk from Hawaii Convention Centre. Turtle Bay Resort represents a breathtaking background for meetings and events. Featuring 31,000 square feet of function and pre-function space it represents an ideal destination for events. THE OBSTACLES OF HONOLULU The biggest problem for the local population is constant volcanic activity, which often forced population to change residence and move the entire settlement away from active volcanoes and earthquakes, which are the results of their activities. Furthermore, a double-edged sword is the major waves that sometimes reach the height of 25 ft.   Waves are known to have destroyed the coast, particularly these associated with frequent hurricanes and tropical storms. One of the disadvantages of Honolulu is the high cost of living. Moreover, according to information given by tourists experiences, Honolulu has more cars than the Roads and Highways which can cause massive traffic. In my opinion, some of the obstacles, such as the high cost of living and the issues with the considerable traffic need to be addressed and solved. From my point of view, the costs of living should be decreased, as well as the number of cars. Furthermore, by decreasing the number of cars and developing a more organized traffic system, road congestions may be avoided. CONCLUSION: Conclusively, Honolulu interested me as a location for pleasure tourism and as an economic centre as well; what I gained from my research was that I went deeper into the analysis of the city and its facilities available for conventions and meetings. Additionally, based on my research and looking at Honolulu at the point of view of meeting planner, I learnt a lot about city facts and facilities available for organizing conventions and meeting, moreover Meeting service provides, available hotels and conference centre for special events and convention and visitor bureaus services. Feb. 6th, 2010

The Yellow Wallpaper -- essays research papers

Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in Hartford, Connecticut on July 3, 1860. From the day of her birth, she was a woman ahead of her time. In 1890, she wrote The Yellow Wallpaper a story about a woman who was oppressed by her husband and her illness. This, Gilman’s most famous work, was written from her own experience in life. In 1884, Charlotte Perkins married Charles Walter Stetson and had one daughter. Following the birth of her daughter, she was greatly depressed and took a therapeutic 3 month trip to California. Dr. Silas Weir Mitchell was consulted in 1884 by Mr. Stetson to treat his wife for what was then called hysteria. Dr. Mitchell’s treatment involved complete isolation and the removal of anything that might cause "mental stimulation," and so Charlotte spend her 3 months isolated in a room in a large country estate, estranged from her daughter and husband. Following her divorce from her husband in 1894, Charlotte Perkins Stetson became a committed social activist and feminist. Later, in 1900, she married her first cousin, George Houghton Gilman. It is believed that this was a marriage of convenience, allowing Charlotte to concentrate on her writings by not being in a marriage that involved love and duty, but mutual respect. Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote primarily of the suppression of women. She experienced as a child many restrictions imposed by her mother, estrangement from her father because of her parents divorce at a young age, and the disappointm...

Robert Wrhinghim in James Hoggs Novel, The Private Memoirs and Confess

Robert Wrhinghim in James Hogg's Novel, The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner Works Cited Not Included   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  James Hogg's classic novel, The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner, portrays the fictional story of Robert Wringhim, a strong Calvinist who justifies murder by quickening the inevitable. Robert commits infamous acts of evil, believing that these murderous actions glorify God by annihilating sinners not chosen to be saved. I believe that a combination of factors involving both nurture and nature shape Wringhim into the suffering creature that he becomes. The greatest of these factors include Paranoia Schizophrenia, Multiple Personality Disorder, and the rejection of society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To my limited medical knowledge, I understand Wringhim to suffer from a severe case of Paranoia Schizophrenia among other forms of mental illnesses. There is evidence for this theory in the novel. For example, it is typical for victims of this medical condition to have an immense fear that literally controls their life. In the early pages of the book, Wringhim discusses this paranoid fear which consumes his life. ?My heart quakes with terror, when I thought of being still living in a state of reprobation, subjected to the awful issues of death, judgment, and eternal misery( Hobbes 118). This fear of ?death, judgment and eternal misery? controls him and becomes all he thinks about. He goes on to describe that he prays three times a day and seven times on the Sabbath to cope with this fear of damnation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, even though Wringhim is obsessed with the security of his salvation earlier in the novel, this fear appears to diminish by an overwhelming sense of security that he is elected to be saved from the eternal flames fire, after his father bargains with God for Robert?s soul (130). Although there is little evidence to support this theory, it is not unintelligent for one to believe that Wringhim?s original fear of eternal damnation persists throughout his lifetime, even after he realizes he is one of the elect. Page 153 shows Robert struggling with the question of whether he is truly elect or not. This shows that his paranoid fear still persists.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After examining Wringhim?s murderous actions and the mental state he was possibly in, it can be concluded that Wringhim murders the ?enemies of the Lord? because it helps... ...er is rejected by society and goes on to cause great evil even though his heart longed to do good. The monster?s own creator rejected his creation leaving the monster with an immense feeling of misery. Robert Wringhim?s and the monster?s lives are very similar in the sense that those who should accept and love them were the first to reject them and then all of society followed forcing them to cause great evil to revenge their hurt. Revenge for society rejecting him could have been another factor that played in his decisions to murder. ?My life has been a life of trouble and turmoil; of change and vicissitude; of anger and exultation; of sorrow and of vengeance? (117).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Furthermore, it was not merely through nurture or nature that lead Robert Wringhim to commit these murders; it was the combination of both. Nature and nurture should not be classified into two separate categories or theories, because they have a correlating relationship and work off of each other. Hogg demonstrates this through Robert Wringhim using both nature (Paranoia Schizophrenia), nurture (rejection of society), and a mental disorder that combines both classifications (Multiple Personality Disorder).

Phytomining †Pros and Cons Essay

Phytomining describes the production of a metal crop by using high-biomass plants, which are plants that produce energy or a usable resource when burnt. Phytominers cultivate crops of a specific plant species with high concentrations of a desired metal, harvest the plant and deliver it to a furnace to burn and gather its bio-ore. As a potential alternative to environmentally destructive mining practices, phytomining has great promise to transform the way metals are extracted from the environment; however, phytomining has yet to produce metal yields that would begin to satisfy global demand. Environmental Considerations It is generally accepted that phytomining is greener than conventional mining practices. In environments with metal-contaminated soil, phytominers can recollect metal pollutants from the soil, thereby restoring the soil to health. Still, growingmass amounts of plants also takes a toll on the land used for cultivation. Industrial farming practices deplete the soil and overgrowing biocrops has the potential to permanently alter an area’s ecology. Economic Viability If the scale of production is large enough, phytomining could become a cheaper alternative to excavation, but large-scale harvesting of plants with concentrations of metal is currently more costly than extracting metals from mines. In the future, as metal prices rise and the yields from mines deplete, this could change. The shortage of metal from mines and persistent demand for metal by industry would offset the costs of initiating large-scale phytomining farm production. Growing Conditions Phytomining’s success is subject to the forces of nature. Unlike traditional excavation, phytomining is dependent on growing conditions such as the weather, altitude and soil quality. A bad growing season could wipe out an entire crop of metal-producing plants, and if global climate change alters weather patterns, the risks associated with establishing a long-term phytomining industry in an area increase. Other Considerations As with any new industry, much is unknown about the long-term effects of phytomining. For example, with a limited amount of good farming land available, what land use would be displaced to make room for a phtyomining industry? Researchers will also need to examine the effect of having metal-enhanced plants entering the food chain over time. They will also need to determine if it is possible to prevent metal runoff from the plants from entering the local water supply.

Pakistani Girl Got Shot

Pakistani girl got shot In the last century,women empowerment movements swept across Europe clamoring for gender equality. The successful struggle granted girls and women the right to education in many countries. Nevertheless,until today,the blessing hasnt reached Pakistan. Falling into the shadow of Taliban,universal education is nothing more than a pipe dream to many girls there. Malala,a 15-year-old activist who promoted women's right to education in Pakistan was shot in the head by Taliban militants on her way home on October 19th.Despite being swiftly sent to a hospital in Britain,the life of the young heroine was at stake. The heinous attack sent shock waves through the nation and fanned up the indignation of the international community. ‘ believe while international community should fght against the Taliban militants ,the Pakistan government and people are responsible for the tragedy Mingled with rage and appal,' found the case of Malala was Just the tip of the iceberg i n Pakistan. ‘ condemn the unforgivable acts of the Taliban militants and believe theInternational community shall counteract these subversive beasts at all costs. Education is a universal right and nobody should be denied access to it. lt is never confine to a gender or race. Therefore,for the sake of Justice and peace,The international community should follow the Taliban millitants to the end of the Earth while giving profuse support to the victims. The Pakistani government,though menaced by the Taliban militants,should not watch the battle with folded arms. Apart from lives and properties,a responsible overnment should safeguard the rights and freedom of its people.Education,without doubts,is among the basic rights. Sadly to say,the education system in Pakistan is still a crawling toddler. People languish at the bottom of the world literacy list due to the fact that the government drains away immense resources on military defense. Without the government's sincere support of education for its people,no wonder terrorist suppression on girls' education remains unchecked for ages. In addition,the deprivation of education of many girls has much to do with the vicious ocial practice in Pakistan.Girls drop out of school early to Join parents at work while some are married off as teenagers. consequently,girls could not climb up the social ladder when they grow up and poverty haunts them for good. The lack of support from parents is also a decisive factor favoring the Taliban's crackdown on education. To save countries like Pakistan from miseries,' hope the international peacekeeping values. Last but not least,may Malala and other victims speedy recovery,may education become universal and may the world a long-lasting peace.

Pestel for Whisky Essay Example

Pestel for Whisky Essay Example Pestel for Whisky Essay Pestel for Whisky Essay PART A: PESTEL analysis on the external business environment of Malaysia based whisky industry. Political factorsAccording to International Trade and Industry Minister Datuk Mustapa Mohamed (2010), there will be no tariff reduction on the export of alcohol from Malaysia. This will become a threat to the whisky industry in Malaysia as the price of the whisky will remain high in global market and thus they will lose the competitive advantage on it. The demand of their products will drop as the selling price is high compared to others. Based on the Budget 2011, Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak (2010) said that the government will not further increase the excise duty on the alcoholic beverages for the coming year. This will not further exert the pressure to the whisky industry and also consumers especially in this economic downturn. When the excise duty is not increased, the price for the whisky will not be further raised and therefore the industry is expected to have growth in sales and profits. As stated in Budget 2011, the government will increase the service tax from 5% to 6% starting on 1 of January 2011. The advertising expenditure of the alcoholic beverages is expected to be dropped as government proposed to impose service tax on paid television broadcast services. The increase in service tax will definitely cause the fall in the will of whisky manufacturer and seller to advertise through the powerful media, television. As a result, the demand of consumers on whisky will decrease as they will not be aware of the latest news and promotions on whisky. Economic factorsIn the official statistics by Department of Statistics Malaysia, the Consumer price index (CPI) for alcoholic beverages has increased 4% in September of 2010(134. 3) compared to the same month in 2009(130. 3) in which the base year is in 2005(100). The increase of 4% in CPI for alcoholic beverages indicates that the price for whisky has increased by 4% in a year and this will further decrease the purchasing power of consumers for whisky. In other words, Malaysians need to pay more money for the same amount of whisky they consume. This is a threat to whisky industry as this will further decrease the demand. The consumers will switch their taste to other beverages instead of whisky and therefore the industry is expected to have a loss in profit. According to Trading Economics, the unemployment rate in Malaysia was reported as 3. 20% in the third quarter of 2010 and this has decreased by 0. 4% as compared to same quarter in the last year. This brings a good sign and opportunity to the whisky industry as the workers in Malaysia are increasing. a)More people are getting their job and contributing their skills and knowledge to the economy of Malaysia. With the workers available in Malaysia, whisky industry can expand its market by developing new products through research and development to attract more consumers. The whisky industry is also able to supply more by employing more workers in the market. Besides that, the geographical area of whisky industry can be improved and widened by opening more shops for sales so that the consumers can buy the whisky anytime and anywhere when they want it. In fact, workers are the basic element and component in the work of expanding the whisky industry. )From the point of demand, the decrease in unemployment rate will also increase the demand for whisky as more people are working and they have more ability to purchase whisky for better enjoyment of life. 2011 per capita income is expected to go up by 6. 1% to RM28, 000, while income in terms of purchasing power parity will hit US$16,000 (Malaysia Budget 2011). When the income of Malaysians increases, the consumers will be more able and willing to purchase whisky, the luxury good to increase their quality of social life. This will then result in an increase of demand for whisky and boost up the sales of whisky. Whisky industry is expected to expand and earn more profit in the year 2011. In the report of Department of Statistics Malaysia, the Gross Domestic Product(GDP) growth rate for the second quarter of year 2010 has increased drastically to 8. 9% as compared to the same period of time for last year(-3. 9%). GDP is the amount of goods and services produced in a year. The increase of GDP indicates the economic growth in Malaysia. When the economy is in a good condition, the standard of living of Malaysians will also increase and they tend to spend and consume more on luxury goods. In this case, the consumption of whisky will become more as the spending of Malaysians on luxury goods is getting higher as the indication of the growth in the value of GDP. Social factorsBased on the statistics by Department of Statistic and Economic Planning Unit, the population of Malaysia has increased from 26. 75miliions in 2005 to 28. 96 millions in 2010 and 63. % of the total population falls in the age between 15 and 64. The increase in population size in Malaysia will bring a better opportunity to whisky industry as the demand of the industry towards labour force can be fulfilled that will cause a higher development and expansion of the industry. The supply of industry will also increase with the workers available in the market of Malaysia. While more than half of population of Malaysia achieves the drinking age limit (abov e 18) and this will increase the potential consumers and demand for whisky in future. Dr. Jim Swan, an independent consultant to the worldwide drinks industry (2005) said that drinking whisky can help protect human against cancer. This thesis is originated from a research that showed the people who drink single malt whiskies have greater health benefits rather than drinking red wines. Dr. Jim Swan(2005) further explained that single malt whiskies have more ellagic acid than red wine and this ellagic acid is a highly effective ‘free radical scavenger’ that ‘absorbs’ rogue cells that occur in the body during eating. When the citizens of Malaysia aware of the health benefit from drinking whisky, more people will probably start to consume whisky and the existing consumers will also increase their consumption on whisky. This will create better opportunity to whisky industry from the side of demand on whisky and profitable of the industry. According to a new study by researchers (2010) at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), alcohol reduces the quality of diet. It is stated in the study that people who drink more are also likely to eat less fruit and consume more calories from a combination of alcoholic beverages and foods high in unhealthy fats and added sugars. The increased alcohol intake will therefore cause a harmful effect to human health such as the formation of cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, and other chronic health problems. When more Malaysians are concerned about the finding of this new study, the demand of whisky will drop as they will be more health conscious and thus reduce the consumption of whisky. This brings a negative effect to the whisky industry. Technological factorsA ? 1. 8m research project aiming to identify the genes that could lead to improvements in the quality of barley, one of the most commonly used raw materials in making whisky was carried out by Scottish Crop Research Institute. The project leader, Dr. Robbie Waugh(2005) said that they expect to be able to identify the genes that could lead to improvements in the quality of barley that will be of interest to growers, producers and drinkers. This will be a good opportunity to whisky industry as a higher quality of whisky is able to be produced by using better quality of the raw materials. Consequently, the demand for whisky is expected to be higher as more consumers desire for a consumption of better quality of whisky. In the article of Process Industry Informer (2010), it is stated that a new evaporation system based on Alfa Laval plate heat exchanger technology has been introduced to increase the concentration and quality of the Pot Ale, a by-product from the first distillation stage in malt whisky production. The Pot Ale has many valuable functions and usages and one of them is the making of spent malted barley grains (Dark Grains) that is further used for production of whisky. This technology has helped to reduce the disposability of whisky industry for the wastes being produced and instead the wastes are being used for other better purposes that benefit to the whisky industry and also the country. According to International Telecommunication Union, the internet users in Malaysia have increased about 50% over the ten years from 15% in 2000 to 64. % in 2010. This will bring opportunity to the whisky industry as advertising through online could be done to increase the sales of whisky. Through the online advertising, the whisky industry can save their cost and therefore achieve a higher profitability. The money that is saved can be used for better benefits for the industry such as research and development of new products and technology. Online advertising is also time efficient and provides a higher ability to spread over Malaysia and this will cause the expansion of industry in terms of sales. Environmental factorsIn the article of The Sunday Times by Jonathan Leake(2010), a relatively new environmental technology-anaerobic digestion will be introduced and developed in the whisky industry. This new technology involves the using of anaerobic digesters to convert thousands of tons of yeasty waste into methane gas that will be further burned to create energy. By this way, the waste that is produced through the process of manufacturing whisky can be reduced and this will reduce the negative impact on the environment. At the same time, the energy produced from the waste can be used to make electricity and meet the power needs of the industry. As a result, the production cost will be reduced and a higher profit in the whisky industry will be achieved. A new research project is conducted to find new methods of turning spent grain, a dry waste product of brewing and distilling, into bio ethanol, a more environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels (Professor Graeme Walker, 2007). The use of bio ethanol in running the cars will be more environmental friendly as it causes less pollution to the earth. Bio-ethanol produces less greenhouse gas emissions as compared to fossil fuels and this offers an opportunity for whisky industry to fulfill its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to the environment. Besides that, this new finding can help to create a business opportunity for the whisky industry as the waste products can be reused for the production of bio ethanol which is expected to be the main sources for cars in future. According to Gavin Hewitt, Chief Executive of The Scotch Whisky Association (2009), the launch of Scotch Whisky Industry Environmental Strategy will be a pioneering industry-wide environment strategy to reduce the impact of whisky production processes to the environment. Under this environment strategy, the reduction of fossil fuels usage by 80% in year 2050 that is equivalent to 750,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide is one the main target and obj ective. This is a long term strategy and needs a cooperation of all sectors within whisky industry to achieve the objectives of a clean environment in future. This is a good sign to the whisky industry as the demand of consumers will rise as the consumers will continue using whisky after they aware of their roles and contribution of consuming whisky to a better environment. Legal factorsUnder Islamic law, consumption of alcohol, alone, is considered one of the most serious Hadd crimes and is strictly forbidden in Malaysia (Surah Al-Maaidah verse 90). Islam is the official religion of Malaysia and out of 28. 96 millions of population in 2010, 67% is bumiputera that follow Islam (Department of Statistic and Economic Planning Unit, 2010). This means that the main market for whisky industry in Malaysia is the Chinese and Indians drinkers. In other words, the market of whisky industry in Malaysia is restricted to just a small proportion of population and therefore the demand for whisky is not as high as other countries. The production of whisky is limited and low in amount for supply as to meet the low demand for whisky. In this case, whisky industry will not gain much profit from the sales of whisky in Malaysia due to the Islamic laws being obeyed by Malaysians. According to Malaysia’s 1976 Excise Act, anyone who manufactures and sells any alcoholic beverages or intoxicating liquors needs to apply for a license and pay the license fees accordingly. The license gives the right to the people in the industry to manufacture and selling whisky. Any operating of business and industry without a license is said to be against the Malaysia’s rules and regulations and legal actions will be taken. The license needs to be renewed every year and this becomes a fixed cost for the whisky industry. The whisky industry will have to incur the high operating cost for a long term and thus it affects the whole industry from the aspect of the profitability. As in the article published in Herald Scotland (2010), Malaysia has been granted applications for â€Å"Scotch Whisky† to be protected as a â€Å"geographical indication of origin† (GI) by domestic laws. The high level of protection through legal ways can prevent any cheap imitations to gain market share in Malaysia while at the same time protect the integrity of the Scotch whisky. The consumers are able to drink the original whisky that is high in quality and the demand for whisky will then increase. The whisky industry will gain benefit from it as the sales of whisky will go up when all the consumers in Malaysia are consuming the only and original whisky.

Di-n-butyl phthalate Essays

Di-n-butyl phthalate Essays Di-n-butyl phthalate Essay Di-n-butyl phthalate Essay Abstraction Di-n-butyl phthalate ( DBP ) is a omnipresent environmental pollutant, extensively used as a plasticiser in many merchandises including plastics, cosmetics and medical devices. Some surveies have showed that DBP has possible testicular toxicity, nevertheless, the mechanism of action of DBP on male reproduction is non clear. The present survey was designed to further look into the possible male generative toxicity of DBP more wholly. Oxidative emphasis was besides assessed in rat testicles as an implicit in mechanism. Forty SD grownup rats were indiscriminately allotted to four groups, and DBP was administered to each group by unwritten forced feeding at doses of 0 ( control ) , 100, 250 and 500mg/kg/day for 2 back-to-back hebdomads. The consequences indicated that the generative toxicity of DBP is dose-dependent. Body weight and testicular weight was significantly decreased in rats of DBP exposure at dosage of 500mg/kg/day. Sperm count and motility were significantly decreased at dos es of 250 and 500mg/kg/day group. The same two doses significantly inhibited the activities of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px ) , and glutathione ( GSH ) while the degree of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) was significantly increased in testicles of rats. Microscopy with hematoxylin and eosin ( HE ) staining showed that seminiferous tubules wasting and seminiferous epithelial cells disintegrated and shed in rats of DBP exposure at doses of 500mg/kg/day. In decision, DBP alters the testicular construction and map, at least partially, by bring oning oxidative emphasis in testicles of grownup rats. Cardinal words: Di-n-butyl phthalate ; Reproductive toxicity ; Testis ; Oxidative emphasis 1 Introduction Recent epidemiological information showed that the human seeds quality has declined during the last 60 old ages, whereas the incidence of male venereal piece of land abnormalcies and sterility has increased [ 1-2 ] . Infertility affects 10-15 % of twosomes, male factors account for about half of all sterility instances. Although modern diagnostic methods detect more and more organic causes of sterility, unluckily, about 50 % of sterility instances are still unexplained for work forces [ 3 ] . The recent diminution in sperm quality observed in work forces has developed over a short period of clip, proposing that it could be the consequence of environmental factors [ 2 ] . Recently, there has been increased consciousness of the possible effects of environmental contaminations on male reproduction [ 4-5 ] . Di-n-butyl phthalate ( DBP ) is a omnipresent environmental pollutant, It is a phthalic acid ester used extensively as a plasticiser in many merchandises including flexible plastics, medical devices and some decorative preparations [ 6,7 ] . DBP have attracted particular attending from the scientific community and the general public due to their high production volume, in million of dozenss yearly [ 8 ] . Human exposure occurs chiefly through contaminated nutrient and H2O, particularly high-fat nutrients, which may be in contact with plastic, adhesives, or other packing stuffs that contain DBP, pharmaceutical preparations besides result in important human exposure, because assorted plasticisers are used to surface medical specialties such as antibiotics, antihistamines and laxatives [ 9 ] . Although there are deficient informations for DBP effects on human reproduction, some surveies in gnawers have reported the influence of DBP on the male generative system [ 10-12 ] . To day of the month, nevertheless, the mechanisms of generative toxicology of DBP are still ill-defined and need to be farther studied. Oxidative emphasis consequences from an instability between the inordinate formation of reactive O species ( ROS ) and limited antioxidant defences. ROS, including vest O, H peroxide, superoxide anion and hydroxyl group, are of import go-betweens of cellular hurt, and play an of import function in oxidative harm. Environmental contaminations have been shown to bring on ROS coevals in both intra- and extracellular infinites of cells or persons taking to cell decease and tissue hurt [ 13,14 ] . Previous surveies from our research lab have besides shown that environmental factors alter pro-oxidant and antioxidant balance in testicle [ 15,16 ] . Therefore, the present survey was designed to further look into the male generative toxicity of DBP, oxidative emphasis was besides assessed in testicles as a possible implicit in mechanism. 2 Materials and methods 2.1 Animals and intervention 40 healthy grownup male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-210 g were obtained from Experimental Animal Center of Xian Jiaotong University. Animals were housed in solid-bottomed polycarbonate coops in SPF carnal research lab with a temperature 21-25? and a comparative humidness of 40-60 % . Rats were acclimatized at a 12 H light / 12 H dark rhythm and fed a standard diet and tap H2O ad libitum for a hebdomad before the experiments. Experiments were performed in conformity with the Animal Experimentation Committee Regulation. The rats were divided at random into four groups, each consisting 10 persons. Rats in DBP-exposed groups were given DBP ( Sigma Chemical Co. , St. Louis, MO ) at a dosage of 100, 250, 500mg/kg/day ( 1ml/100g organic structure weight ) severally by unwritten forced feeding for 2 back-to-back hebdomads. Rats in the control group were orally administered maize oil in the same volume for 2 back-to-back hebdomads. 2.2 In-life observations All rats were observed at least twice per twenty-four hours. Changes in the tegument and pelt, mucose membranes, respiration and carnal behaviour were monitored. Body weight was later recorded one time per hebdomad before autopsy. 2.3 Testicular histopathology At the terminal of the exposure, the rats were sacrificed by an overdose of pentobarbital Na ( 50 mg/kg, i.p, Sigma, USA ) , the testicles were instantly removed and weighed. The left testicles of each rat were used for histopathological survey and the right for biochemical check. Left testes was fixed in fresh Bouin s solution for 24 hours and so dehydrated and embedded in paraffin, eventually 4  µm subdivisions were cut and stained with hematoxylin A ; eosin ( HE ) . The tissue subdivisions were observed under a light microscope for the testicles histopathology harmonizing to Bustos-Obregon et Al [ 17 ] . 2.4 Epididymal sperm analysis Epididymiss were dissected out and instantly minced with all right scissors in 5 mL physiological saline at 37? , and so incubated at 37? for 30 min to let sperm cell to go forth the epididymal tubules. One bead of sperm suspension was placed on a slide for light microscope observation of sperm motility at a magnification of -400, a sum of 200 sperm per sample were evaluated. Entire sperm figure was estimated utilizing Neubaeur haemocytometer harmonizing to old methods [ 15 ] . 2.5 Testicular biochemical checks ( Assay of oxidative position and enzymatic antioxidant ) ) Right testicles of each rat was instantly de-capsulated, cleaned and washed in precooling physiological saline several times and homogenized in 0.1mol/L pH 7.4 precooling phosphate buffered saline ( PBS ) , the homogenate was centrifuged at 3000 -g for 15 min and the supernatant was used for biochemical checks. The activities of glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and the content of glutathione ( GSH ) and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) in testicles were detected utilizing commercial Assay Kit ( Jiancheng biotech Int, Nanjing ) . 2.6 Statistical analysis All statistical analyses were carried out utilizing SPSS statistical package version 13.0 ( SPSS, Chicago, USA ) . First, all informations are tested for normal distribution ( Shapiro-Wilks ) and homogeneousness of discrepancies ( Bartlett trial ) , specifying whether the consequences should be analyzed parametrically or non-parametrically. Finally, statistical analysis was performed utilizing one-way ANOVA, all Data were expressed as mean ±SD. P lt ; 0.05 was considered as important. 3 Consequences 3.1 General position of Rats All rats treated with and without DBP survived the 14-day observation period, general position ( skin and fur colour, reactivity ) in rats of 100 and 250mg/kg/day DBP exposure groups showed no obvious difference compared with those in the control group. However, rats in 500mg/kg/day DBP exposure group showed rarefaction of hair and torpor of reaction. 3.2 The organic structure and testicles weight Compared with the control group, organic structure weight and testicles weight were significantly decreased in rats of 500mg/kg/day DBP exposure group ( P lt ; 0.05 ) ( Fig. 1, 2 ) . 3.3 Testicular histopathology Compared with controls ( Fig. 3A ) , the morphology of testicular seminiferous tubules of rats the 100 and 250mg/kg/day groups ( Fig. 3B, 3C ) showed no obvious alterations. However, there were important histopathological alterations in rats of 500mg/kg/day DBP exposure group. The chief pathological alterations included seminiferous tubules atrophy, the seminiferous epithelial cells disintegrated and shed, spermatogenic cells decreased ( Fig.3D ) , and the lm were oligozoospermic ( Fig. 3D ) . 3.4 Epididymal sperm Compared with the controls, the sperm count and the per centum of motile sperm were significantly decreased in rats of 250 and 500mg/kg/day DBP exposure groups ( P lt ; 0.05 ) ( Fig. 4, 5 ) . 3.5 Testicular biochemical analysis The activities of SOD, GSH-Px and GSH in testicular tissue of rats of 250 and 500mg/kg/day DBP exposure groups were significantly lower than those of the controls ( P lt ; 0.05 ) ( Fig. 6-8 ) . Furthermore, MDA degrees in the testicular tissue were found to be significantly higher in the 250 and 500mg/kg/day DBP exposure groups compared with the control group ( Fig. 9 ) . 4 Discussion DBP is a omnipresent environmental contamination, human are invariably exposed to DBP through nutrient, H2O or contact with a assortment merchandises [ 8 ] . Although preventative steps aimed at cut downing DBP contamination have been implemented, exposure to DBP remains one of the most outstanding environmental wellness jobs [ 8,18 ] . In present survey, the dose-dependent male generative toxicity induced by DBP was shown to be associated with decrease in testicular weights, regressive testicular histological morphology every bit good as with lessening in sperm count and sperm motility. Our survey showed that the testicular weight was significantly decreased in rats of 500mg/kg/day DBP exposure group, The weight of testicles is mostly dependent on the mass of the differentiated spermatogenic cells, the ascertained decrease in the weight of testicles are due to the reduced figure of germ cells and extended spermatids in the testicles [ 14 ] , which is consistent with the consequences of testicular histological alterations. DBP caused regressive histological alterations in the seminiferous tubules which supports the consequences of other writers [ 10,19 ] . Seminiferous tubules wasting and spermatogenic cells decreased were structural index of spermatogenesis failure [ 20 ] . Seminiferous epithelial cells sheding were normally due to the harm of sertoli cells and break of intercellular span [ 21 ] . Our survey showed that the sperm count and the per centum of motile sperm were significantly decreased in rats of 250 and 500mg/kg/day DBP exposure groups, nevertheless the testicular weight and morphology showed no obvious alterations in 250mg/kg/day DBP exposed group. These consequences showed that sperm count and motility is more sensitive parametric quantities in rating of hazards from toxic effects on male generative system, which supports the consequences of other writers [ 14, 22 ] Pro-oxidant and antioxidant balance is critical for normal biological operation of the cells and tissues [ 14 ] , the antioxidant system comprises enzymatic antioxidants such as SOD, GSH-Px and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as GSH. SOD and GSH-Px are major enzymes that scavenge harmful ROS in male generative variety meats. GSH repairs oxidized and damaged molecules and besides play a function in modulating a assortment of cellular maps. Oxidative emphasis occurs when the oxidative homeostasis is damaged [ 23 ] . Excessive ROS are generated and caused lipid peroxidation, MDA is one of most of import merchandises of lipid peroxidation which interfere protein biogenesis by organizing adducts with DNA, RNA and protein [ 24 ] . Our surveies showed that the obvious lessening of testicular antioxidant system while outstanding increasing of testicular lipid peroxidation merchandise MDA in testicles of 250 and 500mg/kg/day DBP exposure rats. These parametric quantities alterations were consistent with the alterations of sperm count and motility. It is known that human testicles and sperm cells are highly sensitive to ROS-induced harm [ 25 ] . The elevated degrees of ROS consequence in oxidization of cellular constituents with unsaturated fatty acids, the most vulnerable molecules [ 14 ] . Spermatozoa have been considered to be extremely susceptible to the harm induced by ROS because of their high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In add-on, Excessive ROS increase germ cells programmed cell death and suppress the activity of sperm cell [ 23 ] . Similar phenomena frequently are observed after exposure to other chemicals that cause testicular harm [ 14,15,24 ] . It suggests that oxidative emphasis is one of of import mechanisms of testicular harm. In decision, our surveies demonstrate a dose-dependant male generative toxicity of DBP, exposure of the ranked doses of DBP elicit lessening in testicular weight and sperm quality. In add-on, exposure of the ranked doses of DBP generates ROS by diminishing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and increasing lipid peroxidation thereby doing oxidative emphasis in testicles of rats. This concludes that DBP induces testicular toxicity, as least partially, by initiation of oxidative emphasis in testicle.

Guide on How to Write an Expository Essay All You Need to Know

Guide on How to Write an Expository Essay All You Need to Know What is an Expository Essay? An expository essay is a type of academic writing in which an author informs the audience about a particular idea, book, movie, event or series of events, or any other chosen subject. The central purpose of such type of essay is to research or investigate an idea while gathering enough supporting evidence and then presenting an understandable point of view or argument on the chosen topic. The expository essay requires a writer to do extensive research to provide a deep insight into the topic. Furthermore, an expository essay is a kind of writing that tends to explain, illustrate, or clarify something in a way that it becomes clear for readers. Contrary to other types of essay, a writer usually does not have a subjective opinion on a given topic. Thus, the writing style should be unbiased. Pay attention that expository essays are usually based on facts, and, therefore, a you should not include any of your personal feelings or emotions while writing such an essay. Types of an Expository Essay Although the primary goals remain the same, there are various types of an expository essay that you can write. Cause and Effect Essays. Undoubtedly, cause and effect papers are the most popular types of essays in academic writing. The main purpose of such works is to investigate the reasons that caused something and then, discuss the results or effects. Here, you need to answer the two key questions: â€Å"Why did something happen?† and â€Å"What is/might be the outcome of this?† The technique mentioned above will help you build a better cause-and-effect outline so that you would be able to write a meaningful essay. Problem and Solution Essays. Such essays are aimed at describing a problem related to a particular situation or topic and suggesting solutions or recommended actions to this problem. Such essays require you to examine the chosen subject from different angles and perspectives. That way you would be able to find the best solution for the given problem. Consequently, you need to convince your audience that the proposed solution is the best one. Comparison and Contrast Essays. A comparison and contrast essay requires you to choose several things and make a contrast between them. This type of expository essay focuses on the similarities and differences of two or more notions, objects, or any other options. You also need to make sure that the research of the given subject was done well enough so that you would be able to outline every aspect of it. Sometimes, you might be required to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of chosen things or objects. Process Essays. Sometimes such essays are also called â€Å"how-to-essays.† Often, these essays are designed to explain a process or procedure of making or breaking something. In fact, such an essay provides a step-by-step approach to doing something. A process essay is often written in a chronological sequence. Such essays require the writer to have enough knowledge to explain the chosen process or procedure so that the common reader would easily comprehend it. All in all, among these types, you have to choose the most suitable type according to the instructions given by your professor or instructor. Finding a Suitable Topic for an Expository Essay The process of finding a suitable topic for an expository essay might seem difficult, however, in reality, it is not. Firstly, you should choose something that interests you or is relevant. Then, you proceed with finding the materials and sources for the chosen topics. You should thoroughly analyze them in order to use the information you gathered. In fact, the expository essay is, indeed, very versatile. There is a wide variety of topics to choose from, and, as a result, you can write about everything you find relevant or just simply like. Here is a list of topics that might give you a clear understanding of what you can choose to write about in the expository essay: The History of Starbucks; How to Start Loving Yourself? BTS, the Band That Changed K-Pop; The Role of Science in Our Lives; The Impact of Video Games on the Brain; How to Improve Your Writing Skills? Five Movies You Should Watch; How to Avoid Toxic Relationships? The Process of Making Beer; Why Are Scholars Important in Media Studies? The Use of Alternative Sources of Energy; Effects of Physical Exercise on the Cognitive Functions in Older Adults. Pre-writing Tips from Our Academic Writers As it was mentioned above, you should start working on your expository essay by choosing the topic of your interest or the topic which was given to you by the instructor. Then, you should find materials from which you would be taking necessary information. Depending on your type of expository essay, you should start by creating an outline to assist you in writing this particular piece of work. In addition, before writing, you should properly allocate your time. That means that you should clearly distribute a specific amount of time to work on each part of the essay. That way you would efficiently use your time, and the process of writing would only bring joy to you. There are many ways and approaches to write a great essay. Yet, almost all expository essays follow the same basic steps. For instance, one productive method of writing is called the POET method. An abbreviation stands for â€Å"Purpose, Organization, Evidence, Thesis.† â€Å"P† for Purpose. This step requires you to define the purpose of writing an expository essay. At most times, you are given a topic by your instructor or teacher. In other cases, it is up to you to select a particular topic. It should also be noted that strong essays are consistent throughout the whole structure. That means that you should never deviate from a central purpose of your expository essay. â€Å"O† for Organization. Your expository essay should be well-organized in five or more body paragraphs. Usually, an essay contains an introductory paragraph, main body paragraphs, and a conclusion paragraph. These components of an essay organization are of vital importance concerning the requirements of academic writing. â€Å"E† for Evidence. This point requires you to present an idea while backing it with the evidence from the outside sources. Moreover, your sources should be reputable and credible. When you use specific information to provide evidence that might be unknown to a common reader, then you should cite it properly. Referencing is very crucial as it demonstrates that you were thoroughly researching your topic. In addition, proper citing would also prevent you from accusations of plagiarism. â€Å"T† for Thesis. Apparently, a thesis statement is one of the essential parts of every essay. The thesis sentence or two include the main idea of your essay. Furthermore, it informs the reader about content and the main idea of the particular essay. The Beginning of Writing - Introduction Like other essays, an expository paper consists of an introductory paragraph, which includes the thesis statement and background information, the main body paragraphs that support the statement, and a conclusion paragraph that summarizes all central points and restates thesis statement. The primary purpose of an expository essay is to give a logical explanation of the selected object or phenomena. First and foremost, you should start writing your essay by creating an appropriate title. That means that you have to come up with a catchy topic that might turn out interesting for a majority of readers. Next, based on your topic, you should start writing an introductory paragraph. Introduction part provides an opportunity to make a first positive impression. A well-developed introductory paragraph consists of a hook sentence, context and background information, and a strong thesis statement. Hook. The first sentence of your essay informs the audience about your topic. This sentence might contain a quotation, statistics, some interesting facts, or anything else you find catchy. Here is an example of an excellent hook sentence: â€Å"Any achievement in business is never accomplished by a single person; a team of skilled members from diversified fields is always needed.† Background information. Here you should introduce the chosen topic because some readers might be unfamiliar with it. You could provide general information or history about the chosen topic or subject. Thesis statement. Undoubtedly, a thesis statement is one of the crucial things in your essay because it encompasses the whole idea of an expository essay. It might also serve as a guide for readers. Usually, your thesis statement is the last sentence of the introductory paragraph that presents an argument or a claim to the reading audience. The rest of the paper is aimed at gathering and organizing evidence that will support your thesis statement. For instance, you are writing an expository essay about the factors that fuel Syrian conflict, and you developed such thesis: â€Å"Therefore, the essay aims at examining the factors and their role in the conflict fueling since they require a profound analysis, which takes into account their interrelations.† This thesis is too general. It does not tell the reader where are you heading with it. Moreover, it does not address any specific examples or claims that will be described later in the essay. Alternatively, a strong thesis statement should look like this: â€Å"Even though The UN and other major world powers are willing to solve the Syrian conflict, the prediction for the positive outcome might be disrupted due to the factors of non-natural borders, propaganda, the role of the outside state, and the president’s biased actions.† Such a thesis statement gives a clear understanding of the exact factors which are going to be addressed in your expository essay. Main Body Body paragraphs are the most significant part of your expository essay. They present enough evidence on the arguments or claims stated in your thesis. Try to limit each paragraph to one idea. The number of paragraphs is not specified. However, you should write as much as you need to analyze the chosen topic thoroughly. In most cases, the recommended amount is varying from three to five paragraphs. In order to write great main body paragraphs, try to design them in the following manner: l Topic sentence - Fact - Supporting Sentence (evidence) - Conclusion Sentence The first sentence of each body paragraph is called a topic sentence. It announces what you are going to discuss in this paragraph. Moreover, when you mention facts discovered during your research on the topic, support them with appropriate evidence. However, do not forget to cite all the outside sources used in your expository essay. Otherwise, you will be accused of plagiarism. The last sentence of each body paragraph should summarize information stated in that paragraph. It is also important to use linking words as they make your essay coherent. In addition, they make your essay flow in an understandable manner from one point to another. Conclusion The last paragraph of your expository essay should contain the restatement of the thesis, summarized facts, and evidence provided in the main body paragraphs, or even propose the next steps for further research or discussion. It is here where you should restate your thesis statement. There is no need to include information that was stated in the introductory paragraph. Instead, try to summarize the key points and results that were researched and found by you in the main body. In addition, you should make sure that the final sentence in your expository essay should be rather a global statement based on the given information or a call to action that gives the reader a signal that the discussion has come to an end. Post-writing Tips After you are done with writing your expository essay, you should start proofreading and revising it. The first step would be revising grammar, punctuation, spelling, or style errors. Be sure to proofread each part of your expository essay. The next step would be removing repetitive sentences or words. Look for synonyms that can be used to make your essay look vivid. Also, revise your essay in such a way that it sounds coherent for you. Analyze the flow of your essay. A good way to check whether your expository essay is consistent will be reading it aloud. Then, you will definitely hear what parts are in need of revising. If some paragraphs seem redundant, cut information that is not specifically related to your topic. At last, check whether you have properly cited all the outside sources. References General Essay Writing Tips Essay Writing Center. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.internationalstudent.com/essay_writing/essay_tips/ How To Write An Expository Essay: Outline, Topics, Examples and Step-By-Step Guide Edussons blog. (2018). Retrieved from https://edusson.com/blog/expository-essay-exaples Kearney, V. (2018). 100 Expository Essay Topic Ideas, Writing Tips, and Sample Essays. Retrieved from https://owlcation.com/academia/100-Expository-Essay-Topic-Ideas-Writing-Tips-and-Sample-Essays Tips on Writing an Excellent Expository Essay. Retrieved from https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/grammar-rules-and-tips/tips-on-writing-an-excellent-expository-essay.html Types of Expository Essays. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.goassignmenthelp.com.au/types-of-expository-essays/ What is an Expository Essay? BibMe Blog Citation Resources, Updates and More. (2018). Retrieved from bibme.org/blog/updates/what-is-an-expository-essay/